Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel: Acute pain management in infants, children and adolescents, AHCPR Pub. No. 92-0019, Rockville, MD, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, DHHS, 1992.
Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel: Management of cancer pain, AHCPR Pub. No. 94- 0592, Rockville, MD, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, DHHS, 1994.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Drugs: Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, Pediatrics 89(6):1110-1115, 1992.
American Pain Society: Principles of analgesic use in the treatment of acute pain and chronic cancer pain, ed. 3, 1992, Skokie, IL, The Society.
Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG: Effect of the topical anesthetic EMLA on the efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains, J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 16(11):1008-11, 1990.
Baird P: Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide--not a laughing matter, NEJM 327(14):1026- 1027, 1992.
Beasley SW, Tibballs J: Efficacy and safety of continuous morphine infusion for postoperative analgesia in the paediatric surgical ward, Aust. N.Z. J. Surg. 57:233-237, 1987.
Bell SG, Ellis LJ: Use of fentanyl for sedation of mechanically ventilated neonates, Neonatal Network 6:27-31, 1987.
Bell SG: The national pain management guideline: implications for neonatal intensive care, NeoNatal Net. 13(3):9-17, 1994.
Bender LH, Weaver K, Edwards K: Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in children, Pediatr. Nurs. 16(6):549-554, 1990.
Benini F and others: Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants, JAMA 270(7):850-853, Aug 18, 1993.
Berde C and others: Patient-controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia, Journal of Pediatrics 118(3):460-466, 1991.
Bhatt-Mehta V, Rosen DA: Management of acute pain in children, Clin. Pharm. 10:667-685, 1991.
Billmire DA, Neale HW, Gregory RO: Use of IV fentanyl in the outpatient treatment of pediatric facial trauma, J. Trauma 25(11):1079-1080, 1985.
Bjerring P, Arendt-Nielsen L.: Depth and duration of skin analgesia to needle insertion after topical application of EMLA cream, Brit. J. Anaesthesia 64:173-177, 1990.
Bonadio WA, Wagner V: Efficacy of TAC topical anesthetic for repair of pediatric lacerations, Am. J. Dis. Child 142(2):203-205, 1988.
Bonadio WA, Wagner V: Efficacy of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine topical anesthetic without tetracaine for facial laceration repair in children, Pediatrics, 86(6) :856-857, 1990.
Bonadio W, Wagner V: Adrenaline-cocaine gel topical anesthetic for dermal laceration repair in children, Annals of Emergency Medicine 21(12):1435-1438, 1992.
Bostrom B, McCormick P, Hooke C: Painless procedures with propofol, J. Pediatr. Oncology Nurs. 10(2):64-65, 1993.
Burke D, Dunwoody C: Naloxone: a word of caution, Orthoped. Nurs. 9(4):44-46, 1990.
Bucknell S, Sikorski K: Putting patient-controlled analgesia to the test, MCN 14(1):37-40, 1989.
Burne R, Hunt A: Use of opiates in terminally ill children, Palliative Medicine 1:27-30, 1987.
Choonara I: Management of pain in newborn infants, Seminars Perinatol. 16(1):32-40, 1992.
Cole L, Hanning C: Review of the rectal use of opioids, J. Pain Symptom Manage., 5(2):118- 125, 1990.
Cole T, and others: Intravenous narcotic therapy for children with severe sickle cell crisis pain, Am. J. Dis. Child 140:1255-1259, 1986.
Crockett RK: Pain management in the pediatric emergency department, International Pediatrics 4(1):14-18, 1989.
Davidson JAH, Boom SJ: Warming lignocaine to reduce pain associated with injection, BMJ 305(6854):617-618, 1992.
Dickey J: Effectiveness of intradermally injected lidocaine hydrochloride as a local anesthetic for intravenous catheter insertion, Journal of Emergency Nursing 14(3):160-163, 1988.
Dilworth NM, and MacKellar A: Pain relief for the pediatric surgical patient, J. Pediatr. Surg. 22:264-266, 1987.
Dothage J, Arndt, Miser A: Use of a continuous intravenous morphine infusion for pain control in an infant with terminal malignancy, J. Assoc, Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs. 3(4):22-24, 1986.
Eland JM: Pharmacologic management of acute and chronic pediatric pain, Issues Compr. Pediatr. Nurs. 11(2-3):93-112, 1988.
Engebo D: Safe and effective use of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine (TAC) solution anesthetic for anesthetizing of lacerations, Journal of Emergency Nursing 16(2):100-101, 1990.
Farrington EA, and others: Continuous intravenous morphine infusion in postoperative newborn infants, Am. J. Perintol. 10(1):84, 1993.
Feld LH and others: Preanesthetic medication in children: a comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate versus placebo, Anesthesiology 71:374-377, 1989.
Fisher D, and others: Comparison of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children with malignancies, Anesthesiology 63(6):647-650, 1985.
Forlini J, Morin DM, and Treacy S: Painless peds procedures, Am. J. Nurs. 87(3):321-323, 1987.
Fosburg M, Crone R: Nitrous oxide analgesia for refractory pain in the terminally ill, JAMA 250(4):511-513, 1983.
Gaukroger P, Chapman M: PCA for children with burns, (abstract), J. Pain Symptom Manag, 6(3):143, 1991.
Gaukroger P, Tomkins DP, van der Walt J: Patient-controlled analgesia in children, Anaesth. Intens. Care 17(3):264-268, 1989.
Gilman A and others (Eds): Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of' Therapeutics, ed. 8, NY, 1990, Macmillan Publishing Co.
Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM, Vogel AV: Knowledge and use of placebos by house officers and nurses, Annals of Internal Medicine 91:106-110, 1979.
Gourlay GK and others: The transdermal administration of fentanyl in the treatment of postoperative pain: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects, Pain 37:193-202, 1989.
Gribetz B, Cronley S: Underdosing of acetaminophen by parents, Pediatrics 80(5):630-633, 1987.
Griffin GC, Campbell VD, Jones R: Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation for minor surgery: experience in a pediatric setting, JAMA 245(23):2411-2413, 1981.
Groeneveld A, Inkson T: Ketamine: a solution to procedural pain in burned children, Canadian Nurse 88(8):28-31, 1992.
Gureno MA, Reisinger CL: Patient controlled analgesia for the young pediatric patient, Pediatric Nursing, 17(3):251-254, 1991.
Hagerdorn M: Does a topical skin cooling agent alter a child's pain perception during a DPT injection? (abstract), J. Pain Symptom Manag, 6(3):169, 1991.
Halperin DL and others: Topical skin anesthesia for venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir and lumbar punctures in children, Pediatrics 84(2):281-284, 1989.
Hertzka R and others: Fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression: effects of age, Anesthesiology 70:213-218, 1989.
Hinkle AJ: Percutaneous inguinal block for the outpatient management, of post-herniorrhaphy pain in chidren, Anesthesiology 67:411-413, 1987.
Howland M, Goldfrank L: Meperidine usage in patients with sickle cell crisis, Annals of Emergency Medicine 15(12):1506-1507, 1986.
Jones RDM, and others: Antagonism of the hypnotic effect of midazolam in children: a randomized, double-blind study of placebo and flumazenil administered after midazolam-induced anaesthesia, British J. Anaesthesia 66:660-666, 1991.
Juhlin L, Evers H: EMLA: a new topical anesthetic, Adv. Dermatol. 5:75-92, 1990.
Kaiko RF, and others: CNS excitatory effects of meperidine in cancer patients, Ann. Neurol. 13(2):180-185, 1983.
Karl HW, Larach MG, Ruffle JM: Transmucosal midazolam for preinduction of anesthesia in pediatric patients: comparison of intranasal and sub!ingual routes, J. Pain. Sympt. Manag. 6(3):142, 1991.
Koren G, and others: Postoperative morphine infusion in newborn infants: assessment of disposition characteristics and safety, Journal of Pediatrics 107(6):963-967, 1985.
Lacouture PG, Gaudreault P, Lovejoy, Jr., FH: Chronic pain of childhood: a pharmacologic approach, Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 31(5):1133-1151, 1984.
Langer JC, Shandling B, and Rosenberg M: Intraoperative bupivacaine during outpatient hernia repair in children: a randomized double blind trial, J. Pediatric Surgery 22(3):267-270, 1987.
Lee JJ, Marvin JA, Heimbach DM: Effectiveness of nalbuphine for relief of burn debridement pain, Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 10:241-246, 1989.
Litwack K: Practical points in the use of midazolam, J. Post Anesthesia Nurs. 3(6):408-410, 1988.
Lugo R and others: Complication of intranasal midazolum (letter to the editor), Pediatr. 92(4): 638, 1993.
Maguire DP, Maloney P: A comparison of fentanyl and morphine use in Neonates, Neonatal Network 7(1):27-32, 1988.
Manner T and others: Reduction of pain at venous cannulation in children with a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA cream): comparison with placebo cream and no local premedication, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 31:735-739, 1987.
Maunuksela EL, Korpela R: Double-blind evaluation of a lignocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) in children: effect of the pain associated with venous cannulation, Br. J. Anaesth. 58:1242-1245, 1986.
McCaffery M, Wong DL: Nursing interventions. In Schechter N, Berde C, Yaster M: Pain in infants, children, and adolescents, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1993.
McIlvaine W: Perioperative pain management in children: a review, J. Pain Symptom Manag, 4(4):215-229, 1989.
McIlvaine W: Spinal opioids for the pediatric patient, J. Pain Symptom Manag, 5(3):183-190, 1990.
McKay W, Morris R, Mushlin P: Sodium bicarbonate attenuates pain on skin infiltration with lidocaine, with or without epinephrine, Anesth. Analg. 66:572-574, 1987.
McManus M, Panzarella C: The use of dextroamphetamine to counteract sedation for patients on a morphine drip, J. Assoc. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs. 3(1): 28-29, 1986.
Miller R, Jick H: Clinical effects of meperidine in hospitalized medical patients, J. Clin. Pharm 18:180-189, 1978.
Miser AW, Miser JS: The use of oral methadone to control moderate and severe pain in children and young adults with malignancy, Clin. J. Pain 1:243-248, 1985.
Miser AW, Dothage JA, Miser JS: Continuous intravenous fentanyl for pain control in children and young adults with cancer, Clin. J. Pain 3:152-157, 1987.
Miser A and others: Transdermal fentanyl for pain control in patients with cancer, Pain 37:15-21, 1989.
Miser AW and others: Narcotic withdrawal syndrome in young adults after the therapeutic use of opiates, Am. J. Dis. Children 140:603-604, 1986.
Mofenson H, Caraccio T: Tack up a warning on TAC, Am. J. Dis. Child. 143(5):519, 1989.
Moyer S, Howe C: Pediatric pain intervention in the PACU, Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am. 3(1):49-57, 1991.
Nelson PS and others: Comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and an oral solution of meperidine, diazepam, and atropine for premedication in children, Anesthesiology 70:616-621, 1989.
Norman J, Jones P: Complications of the use of EMLA, Brit. J. Anaesthesia 64:403-406, 1990.
Norton SJ: After effects of morphine and fentanyl analgesia: a retrospective study, Neonatal Network 7(3):25-28, 1988.
Olkkola K and others: Kinetics and dynamics of postoperative intravenous morphine in children, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 44:128-136, 1988.
Page GG: Chronic pain and the child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, J. Pediatr. Health Care 5(1):18-23, 1991.
Parker RK, Holtmann B, White PF: Patient-controlled analgesia, JAMA 266(14):1947-1952, 1991.
Pasero CL, McCaffery M: Avoiding opioid-induced respiratory depression, Am. J. Nurs. 94(4):25-31, 1994.
Perin G, Frase D: Development of a program using general anesthesia for invasive procedures in a pediatric outpatient setting, J. Assoc. Pediat. Oncol. Nurs. 3(4):8-10, 1985.
Perry SW, Heidrich G: Placebo response: myth and matter, Am. J. Nurs. 81(4):720-725, 1981.
Pitorak EF: Flavored morphine troches for cancer pain, Oncol. Nurs. Forum 18(3):601, 1991.
Porter J, Jick H: Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics, NEJM 302(2):123, 1980.
Riemondy S, Rung GW, Hershey J, Ballantine TVN: Nurse controlled analgesia: a new method of pediatric pain control (abstract), J. Pain Symptom Manag, 6(3):160, 1991.
Roberts JR: Fentanyl patches, Emergency Medicine 25(6):17, 1993.
Robotham D and others: Transdermal fentanyl for the relief of pain after upper abdominal surgery, Brit. J. Anaesth. 63:56-59, 1989.
Rodgers BM and others: Patient-controlled analgesia in pediatric surgery, J. Pediatr. Surgery 23(3):259-262, 1988.
Rogers AG: Use of amitriptyline (Elavil) for phantom limb pain in younger children, J. Pain Sympt. Manag. 4(2):96, 1989.
Ros SP: Outpatient pediatric analgesia - a tale of two regimens, Pediatric Emergency Care 3(4):228-230, 1987.
Rowland AS and others: Reduced fertility among women employed as dental assistants exposed to high levels of nitrous oxide, N. Engl. J. Med. 327(14):993-997, 1992.
Ruble K, Billett C: Innovative pain management for toddlers: parent controlled analgesia, ONF 20(2):321, 1993.
Sabbe M, Yaksh T: Pharmacology of spinal opioids, J. Pain Symptom Manage. 5(3):191-203, 1990.
Sandler ES and others: Midazolam versus fentanyl as premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer, Pediatrics 89(4):631-634, 1992.
Scwesinger WH and others: Transnasal butorphanol and intramuscular meperidine in the treatment of postoperative pain, Adv. Ther. 9(3):123-129, 1992.
Selbst SM, Clark M: Analgesic use in the emergency department, Annals of Emergency Medicine 19:1010, 1990.
Shannon M, Berde CB: Pharmacologic management of pain in children and adolescents, Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 36(4):855-871, 1989.
Shapiro BS and others: Patient-controlled analgesia for sickle-cell-related pain, J. Pain and Symptom Management 8(1):22, 1993.
Sherwood KA: The use of topical anesthesia in removal of port-wine stains in children, Journal of Pediatrics 122:s36-s41, 1993.
Spear RM: Anesthesia for premature and term infants: perioperative implications, Journal of Pediatrics 120(2):165-176, 1992.
Spencer D and others: Dorsal penile nerve block in neonatal circumcision: chloroprocaine versus lidocaine, Am. J. Perinatology 9(3):214-218, 1992.
Stang HJ and others: Local anesthesia for neonatal circumcision: effects on distress and cortisol response, JAMA 259(10): 1507-1511, 1988.
Steward DJ, editor: Management of childhood pain: new approaches to procedure-related pain, Journal of Pediatrics 122(5, part 2):entire issue, 1993.
Stiehm ER: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric patients, Am. J. Dis. Child. 142:1281-1282, 1988.
Streisand JB and others: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate in children, Anesth. Analg. 69:28-34, 1989.
Taddio A and others: Effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) on pain of intramuscular Fluzone injection, Can. J. Hosp. Pharm. 45(6):227-230, 1992.
Taddio A and others: Effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream on pain from subcutaneous injection, Clin. Pharm. 11:347-349, 1992.
Theroux MC and others: Efficacy of intranasal midazolam in facilitating suturing of lacerations in preschool children in the emergency department, Pediatrics 91(3)624, 1993.
Tipton G, DeWitt G, Eisenstein S: Topical TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine) solution for local anesthesia in children: prescribing inconsistency and acute toxicity, South. Med. J. 82(11):1344- 1346, 1989.
Tobias JD and others: Oral ketamine premedication to alleviate the distress of invasive procedures in pediatric oncology patients, Pediatrics 90(4):537-541, 1992.
Tree-Trakarn T, Pirayavaraporn S: Postoperative pain relief for circumsion in children: comparison among morphine, nerve block, and topical analgesia, Anesthesiology 62(4):519-522, 1985.
Vetter TR: Pediatric patient-controlled analgesia with morphine versus meperidine, J. Pain and Symptom Management 7(4):204, 1992.
Vines SW and others: Effects of patient-controlled analgesia on postoperative pain in adolescents. In Fitzpatrick JJ (Ed): Applied Nursing Research 4(2), 1991.
Walker M, Wong DL: A battle plan for patients in pain, Am. J. Nurs. 91(6):32-36, 1991.
Wattenmaker I, Kasser JR, McGravey A: Self-administered nitrous oxide for fracture reduction in children in an emergency room setting, J. Orthopaedic Trauma 4(1) :35-38, 1990.
Webb C, Paarlberg J, Sussman M: The use of a PCA device by parents or nurses for postoperative pain in children with cerebral palsy (abstract), J. Pain Symptom Manag, 6(3):160, 1991.
Weisman SJ and Schechter NL: The management of pain in children, Pediatr. Review 12(8):237-2443, 1991.
Whitman HH: Sublingual morphine: a novel route of narcotic administration, Am. J. Nurs. 84(7):939, 1984.
Wong DL: Managing pain. In Smith D and others, editors: Comprehensive child and family nursing skills, St. Louis, 1991, Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Wong DL, Redding B: Lozenges can be "lifesavers," Am. J. Nurs. 87(9):1129-1130, 1987.
Wong DL: Pedicocktail not recommended (letter), Pediatr. Nurs. 17(3):304, 1991.
Wong D: Overrcoming 'needle phobia' with EMLA, American Journal of Nursing, 95(2):24, 1995.
Yaster M and others: Local anesthetics in the management of acute pain in children, Journal of Pediatrics 124(2):165-176, 1994.
Zajac J: Pediatric pain management, Crit. Care Nurs. Q. 15(2):35-51, 1992.
March 15, 2002
~ Other Papers
Home ~
~ Wong on Web Home ~